Thursday, 22 January 2009

Start of specific research

I firstly researched into the different genres of music magazines available to buy in shops so that I could get a wide variety of the types and styles of magazines currently available. However I chose to research more closely into the Indie/Rock genre. I chose to look more closely at this genre because I am interested in this genre of music normally and often buy similar magazines such as NME so I am aware of the types of styles and conventions used in magazines like this.

Genre
The genre of music that I chose to do my magazine on is Indie/Rock. This is because I think that this genre of music is extremely popular in the UK so the magazine will have a wide target audience compared with the target audience for a magazine on a more select music genre such as folk music. This target audience would be extremely small and I think that it is important to try and have a large target audience so that my magazine will appeal to a wide range of different people.

Audience
My main target audience for my magazine is mainly females who are aged between 13-17. At this age the typical male will be in some kind of education whether it's finishing high school, at this age they will still be in middle/high school might have started college. The demographic profile for my audience is from B - C2 on the Jicnars scale. I think that it will be this because I do not think that the higher class people who are earning lots of money will be interested in my magazine as they may not be interested in this genre of music as they tend to be in an older age range compared to the age range set for my magazine. Also I don't think that very working class people will be able to afford the magazine so below C2 I don't think that they also will be interested as they will have little extra money to spend on magazines.
The audiences psychographics would be radicals as the people often displaeyd in these types of magazines are often very rebellious doing many crazy thigns which the reader then adapts and trys to copy these things to be more like the artists on the front of the magazines. Therefore the audience will be rebellious and not care about what they think or do and don't just follow what everyone else does, have their own fashion and style. This may also link to the audience being underachievers where they maybe bright and clever but are a bit lazy and don't really want to achieve for many different reasons, this may be the start of the psychographics such as the younger target audience in my age range where as they may have adapted to be more radical towards the end of the audience age range as they decide to become more rebellious to fit in with others and to copy what others are doing in the magazines.
Their social values will be Hedonists as they tend to want to play or enjoy life to the full now rather than later. This may be because they are typically students who often do stupid things which they may regret but not worry about it as they are young and can get better from their mistakes. As they are younger they tend to think that it is more about just having a good time whilst they can before they have to become serious and have a full time job and start worrying about families.
The life stage categories for my audience are that they could be decision pending where they may have no idea what they yet want to do with their life so that is why they are sticking in education to try and give them more time before they have to make that ultimate decision. I also think that they will be living single so the money they earn is spent on themselves so they are able to buy whatever they want.

I looked at some questions and answered them in the same way as my target audience would;
What car would they drive?
Peugeots or Renaults.
Where would they go on holiday?
Ibiza or Malia.
What is their favourite drink?
WKD.
What job are they likely to do?
Part time
What kind of relationship will they have?
Nothing to commited as they may not know what they want to do with their life yet.
What political party would they vote for?
Liberal democrats, to be different from the majority.
What supermarket would they shop in?
Tesco.
What music would they listen to?
Indie/Rock

Title
I have decided to call my magazine 'Rebel' I chose this as it matches the radical psychographic set for my audience so therefore it will appeal to the audience as they try to achieve this rebellious lifestyle. It also links to the genre of the music because the artists who are in these magazines also often have this rebellious lifestyle and so 'Rebel' would be a good word in which to categorise them as they often do things which could be seen as rebellious.

Style
The style of the magazine is going to be quite bold so that it makes a statement which is similar to the audience feelings of the radical/hedonistic lifestyle. To do this I am going to use bold colours to stand out such as red, yellow, black and white. The text will generally either be in black or white whereas behind the text will be text boxes in red or yellow to stand out against the picture and stand out against other magazines so that people will decide to pick the magazine against buying other ones.
The style is going to be lots of pictures on the covers etc so that the audience can get the widest picture of what is going to be in the magazine and helps understand what the magazine is about.

Content
The content is going to be written in a way to suit the audience in the way that they will like to read about the artists. For example the audience of this type of magazine are going to be more interested in the bands music rather than their looks which are often referred to in younger pop magazines. So it is more improtant to put about the achievements of the band for their music abilities and what they are going to be making in the futre, gigs that are coming up and where the readers can go to see them at a gig or where they can buy the music from one of the artists. This makes the readers more involved and can find out where to get the music from if they are interested in the band. The content is going to be written in a style which will also appeal to the reader so may use lots of adjectives to describe the artists behaviour or the artists 'different' choice of clothing etc.

Photographs
The photographs used on the front cover will be attention grabbing so that the audience will notice the magazine from all the other different magazines available. The photographs on the front cover tend to be of the well known artists so that it attracts the viewer in so that they want to buy the magazine. There is often smaller pictures around to show other artists who are well known on the front cover so that they can still attract the reader in so that it reaches out to a wider audience from the different fan bases of each of the artists.
The photographs tend to be around the one artist there is little detail of things around them this is because I want the main focus to be the artist rather than any of the other details in the background which are not important.

Wednesday, 21 January 2009

Initial specific research into shared features

The task was to do some research into the genre of music that I am going to do, and find out the forms and conventions typical for this type of magazine. To do this I looked at similar magazines to the magazine I am going to create.

After looking at several genres of music magazine to see the different types of magazines available to produce from the market. I have decided to produce an indie magazine. I chose this genre because it is a genre of music which I am interested in and it would attract a large audience to the magazine as indie music is very popular in the music industry.

The forms and conventions typically used with this genre of music is bold colours used to attract the audience to the headlines and so that they can easily identify what the main headlines are with the magazine. Main colours used on NME is red, yellow or white. The font stands out in bold so that the main stories and titles stand out on the front cover so that the reader will buy the magazine.

Often the picture is of one of the main well known bands who are popular with the audience to attract the reader to the magazine. On the magazine which I have got of NME there is a medium close up of Kasabian with a large heading of 'Kasabian ''We've been on a psychedelic trip'' this is used to try and attract the reader in so that they want to know what the band has been up to on their 'psychedelic' trip.

The front cover tends to show a lot of different pictures of different bands with the heading 'Albums '09 in the studio' this is another way of interesting the reader to look at the magazine and want to find out what is in the magazine.
Another magazine which could appeal to a similar audience to NME is Q magazine where they again use medium close ups of the main artists for example on the front cover of Q which i looked at there was a medium close up of coldplay with big white and yellow bold font over the top of the image explaining what the story is inside the magazine 'world exclusive! Coldplay, four months of fear, tantrums and nudity' this makes the reader interested in the story.
The two magazines use the same colour fonts to stand out - yellow, black, white and red.
Q magazine has a sub heading of 'the essential music guide' which means that they are trying to sell there magazine to a wider audience by trying to sell there magazine to be the best music magazine in its market. However Q magazine may be aimed at a slightly older audience than NME as it covers more rock and roll bands.
The layouts of the magazine tend to be structured around the main image on the front cover so that the main image still occupy most of the readers interest as they are the main pull to the audience to buy the magazine.

The audience are generally males aged between 15-25, are either living single or in a relationship, and are middle class. The psychographics for this magazine are underachievers, radicals or aspirists and i think that the social values will be hedonists as there is lots of articles in the magazine to explain to the audience what there is to do such as gigs. On the Jicnar's scale I think that the audience are around B - C2. IPC media is the company who publishes the magazine who also publish many other magazines to many other audiences.

Overall I think that I am up to date with my research as I have decided the genre of my music magazine and the type of shot I am going to use on my front cover - medium close up. Also I have got information on the similarities between similar magazines of this genre so that I know the typical forms and conventions of this magazine and also the type of audience that will buy the magazine.

From this task I have learnt the main forms and conventions which are typically used on this type of magazine, so that I know what needs to be included on the front cover, contents page and double spread. I have learnt that it is important to have a font which is bold and the colours stand out to the reader and for their to be lots of pictures on the front coverto attract the reader.

Music magazine - Institutions

What does a magazine publisher do?
Publishing is the process of production of information or literature for others to read. This is done to make information available for public view.
In some cases authors may be their own publishers meaning that the author originates and develops the content and then also provides the media to deliver and display the content in the public view.

Publishing traditionally refers to the distribution of the printed work of books, magazines or newspapers. With more digital information systems now becoming available such as the Internet, publishing has now expanded to include the electronic resources such as electronic versions of books, magazines, newspapers as well as websites, blogs and video games.

Publishing includes - the stages of development, acquisition, copyediting, graphic design, production and marketing. So therefore distributes the newspapers, magazines, books, literary works, musical works and deals with the information including the electronic media.

How is the publishing industry organised?
Concentration of the media ownership is typically owned by a small number of conglomerates and corpoerations. Media ownership may refer to big business monopolies which are businesses which own a large proportion of the market. Large media conglomerates include Disney, Viacom, News Corp and Time Warner.
These large conglomerates own the most of the market which therefore makes it difficult for smaller companies difficult to start up as they cannot compete with the larger companies due to money and sales.

The publsihing industries are owned by these corporate industries. Adorno suggested that these industries are culture industries to generate formulaic, simplistic and emotional products. This makes a wide variety of products available for the audience. However, these products of the culture identieties then create false needs for int he audiences. These needs are then both created and satisfied for the capitalist system where money is the only reason for all these production and sales and the people beniffiting from this is the big company owers at the top of the business wheras the audiences are losing out as they have to pay out for all these products which they think that they need but in the end they are just spending more of their money on products which they don't need.
For example Trinny and Susannah's TV programme 'What not to wear' is made wuth a basic narrative structure of the programme where it features a problem where a person with 'poor' dress sense and low self esteem is on the program showing how they don't have the best clothes and what to feel better about themselves. This is then resolved by the person going to high street shops to purchase lots of new clothes with Trinny and Susannah's expert guidance so that they then feel good about themselves. Throughout the program you see the change in the person from being sad and upset about their lives at the beginning but then at the end once they have bought all there new clothes they feel better about themselves and have more self esteem. This then generates the audiences' desure to purchase these particular clothes so that they can then feel better abou themselves and feel that this will serve their psychological needs. People therefore continue to work, selling their labour, to earn enough money to buy these clothes which will allegedly make them happy - therefore giving more money to the big business owners supporting capitalism again.

Adorno then argued that these culture industries have developed even further with the improvements in technology with the inventions which have helped to control the audiences' thoughts on what they need to have i their lives. He said that the radio has turned all participants into listerners and subjects them into broadcast programmes which are all exactly the same giving out the same ideas that material goods are what is needed to make the audience happy.

According to Adorno, media and music products are characterised by standardisation and pseudo-individualisation.

For example, whilst Westlife, Boyzone, Backstreet Boys and *NSync seem different, they are not only generically similar to each other but also to the boy bands of the past, Take That, East 17 or A-Ha. Each group may have a ‘unique selling point’, but essentially they are just the same.

How is this evidenced by the ownership/publication of the New Musical Express magazine?
IPC Media is a leading UK consumer magazine publsiher. Over 26 million adults read one of the magazines produced by IPC media.

IPC provides a diverse print and digital portfolio which offers something for everyone. They own over 80 magazines which include Pick Me Up, Woman, Now, Rugby World, Nuts, NME and Country Life. IPC's digital properties include NME.com and housetohome.co.uk which is the UK's first homes portal. IPC's brands are at the heart of the UK's cultural life.

IPC is then owned by Time Inc. the publishing division of Time Warner Inc.

The variation of types of magazines available with IPC media produces. This shows how the thought of what foes into each of the publication of the magazines is clearly made just for the money and to attract a wide variety of audiences to read the magazine and therefore in turn make more profits for the business. This then shows how the editors of these magazines are just set to a strict stereotype so that they can sell magazines and may not even believe in teh things written in the magazine themselves.

To be able to publish this amount of different types of magazines produces under one company, the compay is then set up into many different divisions to accomodate for all these different magazines.

IPC Media groups titles under five magazine divisions: Connect (women's weeklies such as Now Magazine and Look), Inspire (leisure and specialist), Ignite! (men's lifestyle and entertainment), SouthBank (women's lifestyle and home interest) and TX (portfolio of television titles). In addition, there is Marketforce, the UK's leading magazine distribution business. Digitally they have WOTV and goodtoknow.

What are your initial thoughts about the fact that NME is published by IPC media?
Since finding out about NME being produced by IPC media it puts serious concerns over the things said in the magazine and the image that they are trying to create of an indie-cool magazine even though they are owned by a large conglomerate at the top. This makes the integrity of the brand less realistic and reduces the integrity overall of the brand. This ownership by IPC shows how the key function of the NME magazine is too getting money from the sales.
They create implications for the audience as it shows that it does not copy the indie cool theme of the magazine when they are all manufactured by a larger company and have no control over the input of the magazine.

Who published the magazine you analysed yesterday?

Record collector magazine;
It is produced by metropolis, which is another large media company in which they produce lots of different magazines on finance and landscapes etc.
Record collector is about all the different parts of rock and roll over the years and they advertise what CD’s to buy or books, posters memorabilia to buy on the different bands.
This ‘rock’ stereotypes created by the producers of this magazine is again just a way to appeal to the audience and get money from the sales of these magazines.
It is similar to IPC media but does not have the larger scale of the amount of sales that IPC has because they sell fewer types of magazines compared with IPC.


Are they part of a horizontally integrated media conglomerate?
These companies are part of a horizontally integrated media conglomerate because this is describing a type of ownership and control. This strategy is used by different businesses to sell types of products in different products in different audiences to create a larger profit scale overall. This is seen in the media as being very productive by having these large companies at the head of the publications. This is done by putting the media into the other fields of media such as not only are newspapers printed for sale but they are now also put online so that it can reach an even larger audience than before.


What do you consider to be the implications of this business structure for your magazine?
The implications of this business structure are that it creates monopolies where the main businesses own most of the market sales so makes it difficult for small companies to compete. Also it makes the issues said in the magazines as very similar so do not get a wide variety of opinions from the writers so the magazines will become very similar. So the magazine will become very similar to other magazines that could be bought so will create a competitive market as the consumers will only choose to buy one product.

Thursday, 8 January 2009

Music Magazines: Initial Research

Forms and conventions
I have chosen to do the print task for my media coursework.
Today I looked into the different forms and conventions which are involved in the creations of producing a music magazine for specific audiences. I chose two magazines which would have completely different audience types; NME and BBC music. Choosing two magazines which would have different audience types is important so that I can decide what type of music magazine I am going to produce, and thinks about all of the different audience segmentation which is important when deciding what to be editied into the magazine.
The activity was done so that I knew what was important to think about when creating my magazine. I learnt that it is important to think of the type of people reading the magazine and what they would be most interested in reading about in the magazine. It also showed me how it is important to think of the psychographics, social values, jicnars scale, age range, gender and lifestage groupings of the audience rather than just one specific thing about the audience. This is important so that you can get a wider opinion of what the reader will want from the magazine.

Title - NME

Genre of music - Indie/Rock
Audience (demographic and lifestyle) -
Males, aged between 15 – 30.
Living Single or in a relationship.
Middle Class
Underachievers, radicals, aspirists.
Hedonists.
B – C2

Form and Conventions: Cover
Lots of bright colours used. Main colours are red, black, yellow and white.
The picture shows a medium close up of a man singing/shouting into a microphone.
Lots of pictures of different bands.
Font stands out in big bold capital letters.
2 Wide angle, high angle shot of the crowds at Reading and Leeds festival as this is the main theme of the magazine.
NME logo is in the top left hand side of the magazine.

Form and Conventions: Contents Page
NME logo is again on the top left hand side.
The use of bright colours is again running throughout the magazine with the red, black, white and yellow.
The font is in capital letters and is bold again so it is more noticeable to the reader.

Types of cover spread in magazine
About new album releases.
Up and coming bands for the next year.
International bands which could make it big.
About recent gigs.
A few Interviews with musicians
Letters written into the magazine.
Gig listings.

Form and Conventions: Double Spread
Of the recent gigs:
Large pictures of the live show, typically of the performers and a few of the audience.
Bold titles ‘Empire Building; to attract the reader to the paragraphs underneath.

Publisher
IPC Ignite!

Title - BBC music

Genre of music - Classical

Audience (demographic and lifestyle)
Succeeders, carers, achievers.
Traditionalists.
On the Jicnars Scale around A/B.
Age range between 40-60.
Males.
Life stage categories; Career committed, after they have bought a house, living as a couple.

Form and Conventions: Cover
Big title heading which is over the picture.
Picture takes up the whole of the front cover with a man sat by a piano there is then the sub heading ‘the people’s pianist’ so that readers clearly know who he is and what he has achieved so far ‘world’s most popular virtuoso’ this supports the Succeeders psychographic.
The main colours used are white and brown to stick out against the dark red and black on the picture.

Form and Conventions: Contents Page
Contains pictures which continue from the picture on the front of the man playing the piano which takes up half of the first page and then gives the page number and a description of what the article is about.
The page numbers are in bold so that they stick out and the titles of the articles are in a larger font so that it can be easily noticed.
The writing describing the article is smaller underneath and describes briefly what to expect in the article.

Types of double spread in magazine
Letters – people writing in to say what they think about the magazine or important issues needing to be raised.
About music exams, and a level music.
Classical artists playing sport.
This month’s cover CD.
Composer of the month.
Musical destinations.
CD reviews.
Concerts and opera listings.

Form and Conventions: Double Spread
This month’s cover CD.
Few medium close up, black and white photos of the composers, this illustrates how they are from the past. There is also a picture of a busy New York Street in the 1920s which is where the composers often performed in the city and so goes with the article.
The article is written with a title and the 2 composers names are written in a large font and is bold so that this is the first thing that the reader sees when you look at the double page spread.
The article is in small columns which is similar to that of a newspaper such as the telegraph which is a similar audience type to this magazine.

Publisher
BBC
Differences between the 2 magazines
For NME I found out that the age group is younger compared with the music magazine, this is important as then the type of language used within the magazine is completly different, where music would use all standard english, NME may use slang words or taboo language.
NME's audience is lower on the Jicnars scale compared with music.
NME uses lots of bright colours on the front cover to attract the audience to the magazine whereas music's choice of colours are a lot darker typically dark red, black and white.
Similarities between the 2 magazines
A similarity between the two magazines is that they both have similar cover spreads but obviously for the different genres of music they both have listings of places where you could go out and watch the music for a night out, and also both have CD reviews.
Both aimed at males so stick to gender ideology for the male readers, in music magazine there is typically articles on sport, education and most of the pictures are of male composers which shows how males are dominated in this magazine.
In NME there is again a number of articles aimed at the young males but also include pictures of females that may attract the younger audiences to reading about.